Capacitors

The capacitor is one of the more common component in the composition of the electronic circuits. Its name derives from the possibility to accumulate charges electrical workers, in the inner parts, in greater or smaller measure, to second of the type, the model and the  circuital conditions them which he is subordinate.  
In its elementary theoretical expression, the capacitor is expressed through two metallic slabs, pointed out between they, that they take the name of "armors" and that they are separated from a  insulator called "dielectric". Which, generally, it is represented from the air, at all, the ceramics, paraffin, the oil and other elements absolutely not electricity conductors. In any case, to second of the nature of the dielectric, the capacitors has one particular denomination. Capacitors to air, ceramic, to paper exist therefore at all paraffinata, oil and other anchor.

Fig. 1 - The slab 1 of the capacitor, called "armor", is loaded with positive electricity because it has been collegata with the positive clip of the battery. Vice versa, slab 2 loads with elettricità of sign negative. It loads is carried out in the period of time that intercorre from the moment of the connection and until when the difference of potenziale, between the armors of the capacitor, has not caught up the value of 9 V, that it is that one of the voltage of the battery.

When the two armors of a capacitor are connected to the clips of a battery , as an example from 9 V, like illustrated in the outline of figure 1, through thread 1 and thread 2 slides initially one intense current, than subsequently it diminishes of intensity, until arresting itself completely when the two armors of the component, slab 1 and slab 2, assume the same potential difference them noticeable electrical worker between the clips of the battery. To this point, on two slabs of the capacitor they are present of the loaded free with opposite sign, positive electrical workers in one of the two armors and negatives in the other. And the capacitor becomes an electricity tank which, after the disinserimento of the battery, is get exaustedded spontaneously with passing of the time.  
The described phenomenon hour, does not have to draw in deceit the principiante, that a tank of analogous electric power could think the capacitor to the generating electrical workers. Because the capacitor, contrarily to how much happens in the batteries and in the storage cells, it does not generate electricity and that one in contained it always comes from a generator, that it can be one of that hour cited.

Fig. 2 - When disinseriscono the two spin conductors from the points To and B, the diffe­renza of upgrades them of 9 V, acquired dal­la loads with the capacitor, is maintained for a sure time. But then it is get exaustedded slowly, until cancelling itself of all, because of the losses of the component.